| Wastewater Treatment Systems |
Environment Water and Wastewater
Water Membrane1) Removal of sulphate ions from surface water 2) Removal of bacteria and viruses
Nanofiltration (NF), in concept and operation, is much the same as reverse osmosis (RO). The key difference is the degree of removal of monovalent ions such as chlorides. NF removal efficiencies for monovalent ions varies between 50% to 90% depending on the material and manufacture of the membrane, whereas RO can reject monovalent ions at > 99%.NF membranes are usually classified by their ability to reject divalent ions, e.g. magnesium sulphate at 98%.
